The Best Effect On Bone Mineral Density Essay - 1249 Words

Bone mineral density (BMD) is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. Bone density measurement is used in clinical medicine as an indirect indicator of osteoporosis and fracture risk and helps estimate the strength of the bones. Everyone loses some bone mass with age. As a result, bones become lighter and less dense. With further bone loss, osteopenia can lead to osteoporosis. However, bone tissues are constantly remodeled and, therefore, can be increased. Multiple studies in the past showed that it adapts and respond to various stimuli. One of this stimulus is physical exercise. Due to fewer serious side effects and reduced cost, exercise intervention is considered as an attractive alternative to medication. Moreover, it facilitates in improving balance and fall reduction. Four studies will be considered in this essay to understand which type of exercise produces the best effect on bone mineral density in a different kind of population. In the cross-sectional study â€Å"Lean body mass and weight-bearing activity in the prediction of bone mineral density in physical active men† Rector Scott et al. (2009) determined the impact of long-term running, cycling and resistance training on whole-body and regional BMD, taking into consideration the effects of composition and body weight, in men 19 to 45 ages. The results of the study showed increased BMD in resistance trained athletes and runners compared with cyclists. Moreover, it was confirmed that high-impact activities, such asShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Osteoporosis1171 Words   |  5 Pagesand low bone mass (Ailinger, 2005). Due to osteoporosis being a chronic diseases it does not include an agent, reservoir, or mode of transmission. This chronic disease excessively affects the elderly and can result in physical and psychosocial consequences. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis involves low bone mass and extra skeletal factors that lead to bone fractures. Every day there is a small amount of bone mineral being removed from our bones, this process is called resorption. For bone strengthRead MoreOsteoporosis Is An Intricate Chronic Disease1257 Words   |  6 Pagessymptoms such as a bone fracture occur (Huether McCance, 2012). It is a disease that compromises bone density, making it porous and is a serious health threat to aging adults (Watts, 2011). According to Huether McCance (2012), Osteoporosis is not necessarily a result of the aging progression but it is the most common disease that affects bone, and it is most common in elderly individuals. During osteoporosis, there is a point where new bone is not being made faster than the old bone is being reabsorbedRead MoreJuvenile Osteoporosis And Its Effects914 Words   |  4 PagesOsteoporosis is a condition in which bone density is lost or the formation of bone is insufficient, weakening the bones and making them easier to fracture. Although it is most common in older adults, especially women, osteoporosis can also occur during childhood. Most often, osteoporosis during childhood is caused by a primary medical condition, such as diabetes or by a genetic disorder such as osteogenesis imperfecta. This type of osteoporosis is called secondary osteoporosis. Some diseases andRead MoreOsteoporosis Is A Health Problem1643 Words   |  7 Pagesas a disease of the bones whereas the bones becomes weak and very fragile. Many people with this disease often break bones within the hip, spine, and wrist. The bones are easily broken from a minor fall or, in severe cases, from a simple sneeze. The meaning of osteoporosis is â€Å"porous bone.† When looking at a healthy bone under a microscope, you will find the resemblance of a honeycomb. Far as osteoporosis, those holes and spaces in a honeycomb are much larger than a healthy bone (National OsteoporosisRead MoreDairy intake for adequate calcium levels in the management of Osteoporosis Sidak Singh1600 Words   |  7 Pagescritical nutritional factor in achieving optimal peak bone mass. Dietary dairy intake is an essential source of calcium necessary for sufficient bone density. While studies illustrate the value of dairy intake as a source of calcium and thus bone health, contention on this topic has followed. Discordant viewpoints argue no effect of dairy consumption on bone strength and negative impacts of excess protein leading to metabolic acidosis which impacts bone mass. This review will focus on the benefits of dairyRead MoreHigh Intensity Interval Training ( H.i ) Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesAcute: sharp or severe in effect; intense Conjugated: joined together, esp. in a pair or pairs; coupled There are tons of articles trumpeting the benefits of high intensity interval training (H.I.I.T.), making claims of accelerated fat loss and increased heart function when compared to steady-state cardio. There are tons more articles espousing the benefits of high intensity weight training for these same goals as well as increased bone density. Literally, there are tons. I ve printed them outRead MoreBone Formation Of Blood Cells1682 Words   |  7 Pages-Marissa- Bones function in our body by providing structural support, protection, attachment sites for muscles, mineral storage, fat storage, and even involved in the formation of blood cells. The two types of bone in our body are compact bone (which is found forming the outer layer of bones for protection and support) and spongy bone (which is composed of an unusual lattice of slender columns of bone termed trabeculae and in the spaces of the trabeculae red bone marrow can be found). Bones of madeRead MoreOsteoporosis And Its Effect On The Oral Cavity1360 Words   |  6 Pagesosteoporosis and its effect on the oral cavity. With this paper I hope to make the reader aware of: what osteoporosis is, some facts about it, what it affects in the oral cavity, how to prevent it, and treatment for osteoporosis. Meaning of Osteoporosis First off, what is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis means â€Å"porous bone.† According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation osteoporosis is a bone disease that happens when the body loses too much bone, doesn’t make enough bone, or both. BecauseRead MoreLosing Bone Is Common Of The Ageing Process1279 Words   |  6 PagesLosing bone is common of the ageing process, but for some individuals it can lead to osteoporosis and a multiplied risk of fractures. Osteoporosis (porous bone), is a disease that intensifies the loss of bone mass and strength. It often advances without any symptoms or pain. Thus, osteoporosis is not detected until weakened bones cause painful fractures typically in the back or hips. These brittle fractures result in serious morbidity and may have lasting effects through associated depression,Read MoreBone and Steroid-induced Osteoporosis1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthat affects the bones and causes the bones to become porous and brittle is called osteoporosis. Osteoporosis threatens any bone in the body. Hips and spines can be the ones that are the ones that can leave a person bedridden and handicapped. Fractures in the hips will most likely heal at a much slower rate and the vertebral can collapse, causing the person to have pain while walking. The risk factors are bones break more easier and take longer to heal, problems with bones as a child, such

The Security Administration ( Tsa ) - 2210 Words

In 2015 ABC News reported on a homeland security’s inspector general report stating that airport screeners, who are employed by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), failed to detect banned weapons in 67 of 70 tests at dozens of airports. They also failed to detect mock explosives and weapons 95% of the time. (Gardian) In August of 2014, a woman was able to board a plane at the San Jose Airport without a ticket, made it all the way to her destination before being arrested by police, and who later was determined to be a mentally disturbed individual.Burger The most recent example of security failures happened in June of 2016 when it was discovered that a Somali war criminal was working at the Dulles International Airport. The individual worked as a security guard employed by private security company that conducted a criminal background and vetting process as prescribed by the TSA. This individual had full access to the Dulles Airport, just a short distance to the nation’s capital. (Dooley) These incidents show that the Transportation Security Administration is another bureaucratic agency that is incapable of providing proper airport security and has so far gotten lucky that another terrorist attack using airliners has not occurred. In this paper I will illustrate that the TSA is not the best vehicle to provide airport security and will offer some suggestions on how to improve security at airports. History of the TSA The Transportation Security Administration wasShow MoreRelatedThe Security Administration ( Tsa )1133 Words   |  5 Pageschanges to the security of aviation and border protection in the United States. Three agencies were significantly impacted by these changes and the aftermath of 9/11: Transportation Security Administration (TSA), U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and Federal Air Marshal (FAM). However, 14 years later is important to review the changes which were implemented by sweeping popularity following 9/11 and evaluate their effectiveness. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was establishedRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )2133 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction The Transport Security Administration (TSA) is an American agency which is under the Department of Homeland Security and it has the authority and control of all the traveling public in the USA. It was formed as a reaction to the September 11, terrorist attacks in the country. It was created under the Aviation and Transport Security Act which was supported by Don Young who was a House of representative member. It was employed into law by President George Bush on November 19, 2001Read MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )2389 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is a clear stain on American society. Countless examples of humiliation, unconstitutionality, and criminal abuse by the agency have been documented, while its goal of keeping Americans safe has failed during attempted attacks. The TSA’s very existence threatens the American constitution and comes at the cost of American dignity. While there are lessons to be learned from around the country and world on possible fixes to the TSA, it remains to beRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )848 Words   |  4 PagesOne of those agencies is the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), this agency is a direct result of the 9/11 events and has the responsibility for air, land and rail in an ever increasing world of transportation. Much like other security agencies, their job is to ensure freedom of movement for trade and people while mitigating any potential threat to the United States. This is achieved in a multitude of ways from check points to undercover air marshals. The very nature of their mission requiresRead MoreTsa And Transportation Security Administration916 Words   |  4 Pagesestablished a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and heighten its security throughout the transportation system, which were designed to prevent similar attacks in the future. This research paper will discuss the history of the TSA an d what it does, how TSA improve aviation security, and the cargo screening process. This paper will conclude an overall debrief of my discussion about the TSA and transportation security. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was establish in responseRead More Airport Security and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)2719 Words   |  11 Pagesof airport security has steadily increased. Since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, many changes have taken place at airports to prevent such an attack from occurring again. The purpose of this paper is to: outline airport security procedures, discuss the different technologies involved with airport security, as well as examine the components of airport security. In addition I will also discuss the Transportation Security Administration’s role in our nation’s airport security. AirportRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Essay790 Words   |  4 Pages The Transportation Security Administration, more commonly known as TSA, is a part of the United States Department of homeland Security that supervises and manages the safety of travelers in the United States. Unlike other government operated tasks forces such as the military or FBI whose as been in existence since (), the TSA was only recently founded twelve years ago in 2001 after the devastating terroristic attack that took place in New York city’s twin towers earlier that year. There are moreRead MoreThe Transportation security Administration (TSA) is Violating the Fourth Amendment536 Words   |  3 Pagesplease me.   It shouldn’t please anyone who lives in this country, either.   This is an important right that everyone has and should definitely be able to keep as long as they live and are citizens of the United States.    The Transportation security Administration (TSA) is violating the Fourth Amendment left and right.   They have placed full-body scanners in court houses and airports.   The federal government assured the public that pictures would not be recorded and saved from these machines.   That isRead MoreAviation Security : The Security Threat, Securing Perimeter, And The Transportation Security Administration ( Tsa )1290 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity is one of the most important departments in aviation. Without security in aviation it would be extremely vulnerable to threat, harm and accidents to passengers, employees and aircrafts. Aviation has been threatened for decades now. From bombings and hijackings since the 1960s to the recent bombing in Brussels. It wasn’t until 9/11 when America knew there was a big gap in the security infrastructure in aviation. So what exactly is aviation security? Aviation Security is techniques and methodsRead MoreThe Security Administration ( Tsa ) / 11 Terrorist Attacks On The United States1802 Words   |  8 Pagesbackground. Government has formed and initiated new programs that aim to provide more vigilance especially in areas with high volume of people such as the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Attitudes and demeanor towards non-Americans began drastically change negatively; meanwhile government focused their effects on providing security to their concerned citizens. A once presumed safe nation was now at risk for possible terrorist attacks, ongoing wars, and discrimination has been on the high rise

Triumph of the Yell free essay sample

With this thought provoking essay, Tannen exposes the dangers of continuing this confrontational style of public discourse and suggests a more thoughtful and compromising approach to solve problems. Although Tannens article was written in 1994, her argument is just as pertinent today. She bemoans that public discourse has devolved into a theater filled with name-calling, labeling opponents and focusing on trivial or sometimes made up claims in order to score points. She states that this problem is perpetuated by journalists, academics and politicians who have turned serious public discourse into fights where theatrics are more important than the gist and solution because they make for better ratings. Her observation of the quarrelsome nature of public discourse is correct because we witness it daily but fail to recognize its futility. A glaring example is the way the budget crisis is being handled in Washington. Politicians and commentators are resorting to lying, fear mongering and misrepresentation and they are adopting untenable positions with no serious effort at compromise. We will write a custom essay sample on Triumph of the Yell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, complex matters relating to war, the economy, religion and public policy are reduced to sound bites, devoid of critical thinking and collective intellectual exertion. This fact can be easily demonstrated – one has to merely tune in to Fox News or MSNBC and see the vitriol and abrasive nature of the treatment of issues. According to Tannen, the pervasive culture of critique incites one to claim victory by scoring points and making others look bad. However, in reality, winning should be a team effort where society at large benefits because the solution is derived after careful exploration of all sides of an issue. The arguments we have today are making us lose sight of what is important and are diverting us from the truth. Tannen argues that it is a misinterpretation that every issue must have only two sides. The culture of critique treats public discourse as a fight which is a contest of opposites- pros and cons, right or wrong, for or against, winner or loser. This limits open-mindedness and forces the sides to take extreme positions. I agree with Tannen that truth is found in many faces of a crystal. No issue is just black and white but rather it is multifaceted; therefore, public discourse should reflect that. However, in today’s culture, complex issues are reduced to black and white with opposing sides taking extreme positions while ignoring the middle ground. This kind of public discourse is not effective in problem solving. Moreover, as Tannen states, it has the undesirable effect of turning people against each other and dividing the nation instead of bringing them together to solve the problem. The culture of critique is indeed â€Å"stifling† us, as Tannen puts it, and is leading us away from the truth. Political leaders and commentators must set the proper tone to rectify this problem. Tannen states that although â€Å"†¦critique is surely one form of critical thinking, so are integrating ideas from disparate fields and examining the context out of which they grew† (3). Most issues require that we make compromises to reach a favorable conclusion. Therefore, we should heed Tannen’s highly rational conclusion and proposal to seek the strengths, rather than the weaknesses, in the other side’s arguments which would alleviate the atmosphere of animosity. Tannen’s skillful use of examples and facts add depth and clarity to the complex subject. Throughout the essay, Tannen makes rational and logical arguments about the adversities of public discourse in todays society and backs them up with clear facts and evidence. To support her thesis that public discourse has lost civility, she provides several examples. Tannen questions the motives of a journalist who resorts to â€Å"vitriolic attacks† to â€Å"win† an argument. She exemplifies this further by recalling her first-hand experience with the dishonest television show participant who confesses in private his liking of her book and then proceeds to launch a vicious attack on her on live TV. She also provides an example of a student who abandons her dream to pursue academia after experiencing its combative and personal nature. Tannen argues that the culture of critique encourages misrepresentations. She illustrates this point with the example of the Holocaust; scholars had to waste their time and creativity proving that it had happened because of some fanatics who claimed otherwise. She also uses this example to illustrate that â€Å"the determination to find another side can spread disinformation rather than lead to truth† (Tannen 2). Tannen also enhances her credibility by using ssertions from experts such as psychologist Paul Ekman, as needed, to strengthen her arguments. Tannen’s use of examples to illustrate her points makes it easy for the reader to sympathize with her views. Deborah Tannens style of writing is remarkably persuasive, insightful and smooth. It is devoid of unnecessary emotion although one can sense that she is substantially affected by this subject and concerned about its impact on society. Tannen’s essay is concise. Her diction is clear, formal and concrete. She relies on illustrative examples to clarify her message. Her literary pictures allow the reader to visualize her claims. Her line of reasoning is extremely logical, and the points she brings up add a lot of depth to the topic. Her essay applies deductive reasoning and adheres to the universal intellectual standards in an effort to make the people open minded and rational. Tannen displays the characteristics of a critical thinker by pointing out the flaws in one’s thinking. She induces the reader to pause to do some critical thinking of their own. Tannen’s masterful use of anecdotes and introduction to new ideas creates a compelling argument for the reader and brings uniqueness to her piece. Although Tannen is successful in stating her claims, she does not provide the perspective of those who contradict her position and in that respect her essay lacks breadth. A rebuttal of the opposing viewpoint would have strengthened her case. One may argue that disagreeing and pointing out the weaknesses in one’s logic does, in fact, lead to truths and help advance the argument. Her article would have been more complete and effective if she had included a discussion of the proponents of the current nature of public discourse. With The Triumph of The Yell, Deborah Tannen has produced a piece that is worthy of reflection. It has the noble objective of elevating public discourse to a higher intellectual level to solve problems while seeking to bring people together for a common cause. Her writing style is persuasive, and her arguments are highly logical. She clarifies her reasoning by providing examples for the reader. Her use of illustrative examples typifies the universal intellectual standards of clarity, accuracy, depth and logic. All in all, The Triumph of the Yell by Deborah Tannen is a well-written piece that deserves its due recognition.

Marks Spencer Plan A Essay Sample free essay sample

Presents. nature jobs become serious: environmental pollution and planetary heating impacting us at any minute. our populating topographic point even our life is on the qui vive. Many of people still believe that it is non in privation of wage a close attending of it. But we can detect that planetary heating is aggravated in early-2006. The state of affairs was unusual and unforeseeable. In 2006. when the clime scientists bring up that. planetary warming issue is pressing and they predict that the Earth would turn into heater and hotter. but in fact. the clime did non go heater and hotter evidently. Few old ages ago. the airdromes in United Kingdom were palsies due to early-blizzard ; it causes people including tourers and the pupils who analyzing abroad have to stay at a topographic point instead unwilling. Through this intelligence. it seems a really few instance. But what if the conditions kept on extraordinary and it will increase the hazard of people who pass through another sta te by flight. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks Spencer Plan A Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page even suspend flight by rough clime. This intelligence is to remind human to take notice of this job and to set attempt to repair it. For repairing planetary warning. Marks and Spencer carry out Plan A to face which involved over 100 committednesss with measureable mark for the purpose of moderate the clime issue in both straight and indirectly manner. In Plan A study. it shown that M A ; S nutrient warehouses have reduced H2O usage by 62 % per sq. ft. since 2007-2008 and M A ; S are non purposes at energy salvaging but energy-efficiency. a policy with longsighted. M A ; S now use CO2 infrigidation systems to cut down harmful emanations and they converted a farther 355 to utilize R407a gas which less damaging than conventional HFC gases as an interim step and M A ; S have announced programs to go carbon impersonal within 5 old ages. Plan A brings planets of advantages on bettering the environmental issue. besides. it makes the repute of Markss and Spencer became celebrated on accomplishing CSR and ethical public pre sentation. In Markss and spencer’s sight. it noted that a CSR corporation ‘At the really least. providers must run into all relevant local and national ordinances. In add-on. Marks A ; Spencer expect them steadily to better their environmental public presentation by taking to follow with international criterions. ’ Aside from it. recycle and recycle efficaciously is what M A ; S making. they entered into partnerships with four local governments across the UK to roll up an extra 60. 000 tones’ of reclaimable stuff from six million people every twelvemonth by 2015. with about 15. 000 tones’ of it being diverted back into nutrient packaging and reused by M A ; S. to better the packaging stuff would besides take down the operational cost. Plan A creates value on intangible and touchable assets for Markss and Spencer. Bing a corporation which concern environmental jobs and think on being the matter-of-factly. M A ; S is taking to go the world‘s most sustainable retail merchant by 2015. every determination M A ; S made most of all are depends on sing of environmental jobs and M A ; S does great recognition to themselves by media and tonss of extremely coveted awards such as The Oracle World Retail Awards which is a planetary enterprise that recognizes and promotes retail excellence and green concern awards in 2011. Furthermore. M A ; S is the planetary 100 most sustainable corporations in the universe as M A ; S take part in C neutral. From the above information. it reveals that Plan A bring positive impacts either environmental jobs to earth and Marks and spencer itself. it breaks the rumor that ‘being a sustainable and responsible on corporate societal duty company would merely convey negative consequence like addition disbursal and lower net income. ’ Many of company deemed that it is a multiple-choice inquiry on ‘Growth or Sustainability’ . and M A ; S did a well illustration on balance these two to last together. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. retail-systems. com/blog/ ? tag=marks-and-spencer ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bsigroup. tw/zh-tw/Assessment-and-Certification-services/Management-Systems/News-Events/Current-News/News-Archive/articles/new-articles/-1/ ) Effectiveness of PLAN A – Society The United Kingdom. which was described as ‘Broken society’ because of it encompass a assortment of societal ailments. From the research publication of the UK parliament. figured out that ‘Drug maltreatment. violent offense. teenage delinquency. household dislocation. public assistance dependence. hapless urban environments. educational failure. poorness. the loss of traditional values †¦ . . . all have been cited as cogent evidence that we have a broken society. ’ Poverty and instruction failure were instead acute and basic among the above issue. In Plan A. Marks and Spencer did a plentifulness of attempt on it such as they bring out and seek to accomplish committednesss which would be conducive on improve these issues. In modifying instruction failure and the loss of traditional values. M A ; S take portion pattern on launch research and development undertaking to widen UK turning seasons and support UK agribusiness ( 17. 8 ) . Besides. they conduct research into the impact of trading with M A ; S on vulnerable communities. In modifying poorness. M A ; S addresses just spouse globally to guarantee work forces and communities benefit in their supply alteration. within life pay. which emphasizes that make certain that the providers are able to pay workers a just life pay in the least developed counties they beginning from such as Bangladesh. India and Sri Lanka. To supply healthy with clear information including nutritionary labeling is a must for an moral company. aid to ease behavior alteration through clear nutritionary labeling and information could construct up a wont that the people could look out the nutritionary information thereby to better the province of healthy and set up a civilization to promote people and industry to prosecute on return notice on nutritionary labeling and nutrient healthy. Overweight is the 1 of major build job for human worldwide. M A ; S get down it on the footing. They achieved doing farther decreases to the sum of salt in our nutrients by working to M A ; S targets many of which go beyond those set by the Food Standard Agency ( FSA ) by 2012. It drives wellness and nutrition benefits across the merchandise they offer. To decrease citizen suffer from corpulent. M A ; S provide on-line diet web site and healthy feeding advisors for the benefits to citizen for mention in diet and wellness information. Considerable committednesss make M A ; S awarded Sustained Excellence in the RSPCA good concern Awards 2011 and Example of Excellence in the Anglo American Responsible Supply Chain Award 2011. Making concern with sing society jobs would makes M A ; S image more attentive and better deepness struggle on society but besides build up a theoretical account for another company which won’t concern on society. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/40832. php hypertext transfer protocol: //www. parliament. uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/social-reform/broken-britain/ Effectiveness of PLAN A – stakeholdersEvery determination made by the company could impact the stakeholders. Stakeholder means A individual. group. or organisation that has direct or indirect interest in an organisation because it can impact or be affected by the organization’s actions. aims. and policies. Key stakeholders in a concern organisation include creditors. clients. managers. employees. authorities ( and its bureaus ) . proprietors ( stockholders ) . providers. brotherhoods. and the community from which the concern draws its resources. We will take the key stakeholders which would affected by concern organisation in a straightway as analysis objects affecting employees. stockholder. providers. authorities and clients. And we would indicate out how program A affect M A ; S’s stakeholder. Employees means An person who works part-time or full-time under a contract of employment. whether unwritten or written. express or implied. and has recognized rights and responsibilities. Company’s public presentation is of import to employee as they gained salary and public assistance from the company to keep their living criterion and economic system planning. The more public assistance and wage that company could supply. the more attraction people would come in to company for work. Plan A suggests that Read more: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessdictionary. com/definition/employee. html # ixzz1swSNZYKw ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessdictionary. com/definition/stakeholder. html # ixzz1swPsmchH ) Stakeholder:1. Employees2. Stockholder3. Suppliers4. Government5. Customers GovernmentOn the web site of Marks and Spencer ( M A ; S ) . it stated that ‘Marks and Spencer believes it is of import to prosecute with Government to assist determine public policy. both to protect our legitimate commercial involvements and do a part to the development of policy which addresses wider public aims. ’ The engagement in supplying sentiment to authorities is a conscientiousness corporation must have. M A ; S chiefly play a portion in reacting to authorities audiences as they have besides made single responses on some fatal topics UK Green Deal and EU Food Environmental Labels. Besides. sometimes M A ; S will add support to their associations such as the CBI or British Retail Consortium. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //corporate. marksandspencer. com/howwedobusiness/working_with_government ) United Nation and tonss of international organisation concluded that although authorities owns it duty. but authoritiess of assorted counties suffer from high budget ary shortages and low administrative efficiency. In contrast. corporation which possess sufficient resource and executing power will play the function of a portion which of import than authorities in exercising planetary CSR. From this statement. it shows the relationship between corporation and authorities in CSR are close and complement each other. Plan A provides environmental issue steps and society issue steps are to buoy up the load of authorities and assist authorities to advance policy such as alteration and influence the citizen unobtrusively and unnoticeably on concern power-efficiency and unrecorded healthy. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //blog. roodo. com/poiesis/archives/3023621. hypertext markup language ) A stockholder means an person or organisation having stock in a company. Pension financess and common financess are illustrations of stockholders that are besides organisations. Stockholders have a legal claim on a per centum of the company’s net incomes and assets. and portion the same degree of limited liability as the company itself. The nature of stockholder and investor are equal. they are non employed by company and they contribute money on possible company to make net income and fillip. Recently. most of the investors are farsighted as they progressively consider non-financial facets in their appraisal of companies. In this state of affairs. CSR has defined as â€Å"a construct whereby companies integrate societal and environmental concerns in their concern operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† which does non cover with the jobs of the issue on stockholder. Stockholders might look both for fiscal return and certain type of corporate societal public presentation. Because the tendency of sustainability is lifting efficiently and they believed that a company with longsighted would convey long-run benefits and better development than a company that simply lay emphasis on net income maximization. Plan A establishes regular celebrity on carry out corporate societal duty policy to M A ; S. A company that would apportion capital for introduces policy means that they owed sufficient capital on turning concern and maintains basic operation. it shows that the capital and resource base of that company were abundant. Strong resource and capital base would increase the assurance the investor who interested on invest that company thereby extend the investor purpose and respectably as M A ; S making. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. investorglossary. com/shareholder. htm ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ibri. com. br/download/academicos/Communicating_corporate_responsibility_to_investors-__role_of_IR_function. pdf ) CustomerSupplying client trueness is what every retail industry making therefore spread out the market portion and to lift the position of retail industry higher. Customer trueness brings tonss of benefits to company. Harmonizing to Reich held and Teal ( 1996 ) . the assorted advantages of client trueness include a uninterrupted watercourse of net income. decrease of selling costs. growing of per-customer gross. lessening in operating costs. increase in referral. Increase in monetary value premium. and exchanging barriers among loyal clients who will riot easy resignation to competitor’s publicity attempts. Let’s see how M A ; S patterns in client trueness since launched Plan A. Most of the committednesss are refering client benefits thereby to maintain the relationship between M A ; S and client good as relationship well could enable client stay and increase client trueness. No affair on merchandise betterment or make partnerships to assist our clients reuse or recycle all their merchandise and packaging. the get downing point is increase client populating standard and convenience to increase client eco-awareness. M A ; S seek to transport out a series on wellness and well-being which consider client as the first place on doing determination. such as M A ; S nutrient nutritionary content and nutritionary labeling to let client expression into that information to take what they need as clear information could do people pay more attending to healthy state of affairs. Furthermore. responsible purchasing cause client bargain with remainder assured because the resource of the product’s stuff would hold contact with

Concepts of Ethical Studies

Table of Contents Introduction Case analysis Appeal to ethical principles Response to objections Ethical recommendation Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Ethical studies involve the moral, psychological, and philosophical examination of an individual’s behavior, attitudes, emotions, and judgments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Ethical Studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the aim of making informed judgments and correct decisions, ethical studies apply varied methods to assess the situation of, for example, the hospitalized terminally ill and to examine the appropriateness of medical intervention to end their lives. The four-box method of ethical analysis can be used to determine whether the patient is psychologically or psychiatrically sound (Wilford 67). Depression, among other disorders, affects a patient’s judgment and decision-making, and therefore, ethical analysis is often applied to assess the patient’s preferences, medical indications, quality of life, contextual features, and counseling options before the patients’ preferences are taken into account. Case analysis Case analysis uses the four-box analytical method to analyze the condition of the female patient suffering from a terminal illness: acute myelogenous leukemia. She refuses medication although she acknowledges her refusal to take medication can lead to death from this type of cancer. The medical indications after diagnosis reveal that the patient suffers from acute myelogenous leukemia, a fast-spreading cancer of the blood and bone marrow. The condition poses a serious threat of invading the entire body within a few weeks or months as the affected blood flows throughout all the parts and organs. The treatment administered aims to help reduce pain and prolong life. The efficacy of the applied chemotherapeutics is unquestionable since they act in hours to alleviate pai n if utilized consistently as prescribed.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The patient’s preferences include refusal of the medication and treatment for the condition although her refusal could lead to premature death. Examination by a psychiatrist shows that she is not suffering from depression although she is disturbed by her condition. The patient, an adult, requests medication to end her life. The patient’s quality of life will require continuous chemotherapy to relieve pain and sustain life as long as possible. Educated and articulate, the patient sees no future with her condition and feels that she cannot tolerate the painful death that awaits her. The patient even prefers an aided death than life-saving treatment and she requests barbiturates to take her life away. In terms of contextual features, close family members wish the patient would accept the medication and h ope the condition improves; even with terminal diseases, close family members would not want the patient to die. Here the close family members wish the patient does not die and they are persuading her to take the prescribed medication. On the other hand, they also respect the patient’s decision to refuse drug treatment. The attending doctor is not supportive of the patient’s request and, therefore, recommends ethical counseling. Appeal to ethical principles In the light of the analysis, the patient, a well-educated middle-aged woman, enunciated, with no depression or psychological malfunction indicated, an informed decision to have her life terminated. The attending physician offers alternatives to alleviate the pain and cares for the patient (Haselkorn 18), but the patient requests barbiturates to end her own life when she thinks fit. Close family members know the condition of the patient. These factors qualify the patient as competent and, therefore, her decision to terminate her life when the time comes needs to be respected. The patient feels her request for an aided death would satisfy her.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Ethical Studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Response to objections The application of the ethical principle of respect to ones’ own informed decisions to terminate one’s life depends not only on the psychological soundness of the patient, but also on whether the disease is terminal or not. Therefore, the principle of respect for ones’ decision applies to those suffering from terminal diseases, provided no fewer than two physicians certify the diagnosis and prognosis. Terminal illness and informed decisions justify the honoring of a person’s autonomy. Granting the request for aided death to no terminal disease based on respect of autonomous decision only is a step down a slippery slope because respect only can not justify the action ethically; other factors need to be considered, such as psychiatric condition of the patient. On the other hand, mental disabilities impair judgment and decision-making; above all, mentally disturbed people cannot consent voluntarily to assisted death since voluntary consent is an ethical requirement for assisted death even when the principle of compassion applies (Sjonding 34). Although compassion justifies assisted death, it also requires psychiatric soundness. Ethical recommendation In my recommendations concerning this case, the attending physician should apply the ethical principle of respect and honor to the patient’s request for assisted death. The patient’s request for the required procedure should be granted because even the closest family members respect her decision concerning her own life and death. On the other hand, the patient has decided to refuse chemotherapy, a potentially life-saving treatment, and has opted for death, implying that, even when the request for barbiturates fails, the patient accepts her death may be painful and prolonged. Therefore, the patient’s request to avoid a prolonged and painful death should be granted. Conclusion Ethical analysis of medical conditions and a critical examination of the patient’s preferences help in making judgments concerning not only the appropriate counseling method for the patient, but also the attending physician’s recommendations for appropriate subsequent actions either to save life or to assist in death.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, analysis, the analytical method leads to a recommendation in favor of the patient’s request, for she is mature and free from depression, factors that compel her family members to support her decision: termination of her life through a lethal dose of medication. Respect to ones’ decision and compassion on ones’ suffering and pain can ethically justify the acceptance of a patients request for an aided death but other factors need to be put in consideration as well. Nevertheless, terminal disease conditions can warrant the request for aided death but in non-terminal disease case, the case is unwarranted. Works Cited Haselkorn, Jodie K. â€Å"Ethical issues at the end of life: Physician assistance with death.† Medical  History and ethics 411 3.2 (2009), 31-45. Sjonding, Britta. Genetic counseling and ethics. Washington DC: Genetic Medicine  Clinic Press, 2007. Wilford, Benjamin. Exploring the ethical boundaries of enhancing our children.   Washington DC. Washington University Press, 2008. This essay on Concepts of Ethical Studies was written and submitted by user Victoria Maldonado to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Talk About the Weather in German

How to Talk About the Weather in German Regardless of the language, everyone likes to talk about the  weather. Learning how to talk about the weather in German is a key part of learning the language. This means youll need to learn more than just the  terms for the weather in German. You will also need to adjust  how  you talk about the weather. As with many other countries, Germany measures weather-related issues like barometric pressure and temperatures differently than in the U.S. There are even a few hidden vocabulary traps youll need to learn to avoid when talking about how warm or cold you are in German. When youre in German-speaking Europe, you also need to learn how to listen to a typical weather forecast. For example, you may need einen Regenschirm (an umbrella )  if Regen  (rain) is in the Wettervorhersage (weather forecast). Weather-Related Vocabulary and Phrases in German The tables  list common weather phrases and vocabulary. Review the chart below to learn many common German weather words and weather-related expressions. The table offers the German phrase or question on the left with the English translation on the right. In German, weather phrases can begin with  es  (it is, or its) or  es  ist  (which also means it is or its). You use  es  with a verb  and es ist  with an adjective.   Das Wetter Expressions DEUTSCH ENGLISH Fragen Questions Wie ist das Wetter heute? Whats the weather like today? Ist es warm/kalt/khl? Is it warm/cold/cool? Wie viel Grad sind es? Whats the temperature?How many degrees is it? Scheint die Sonne? Is the sun shining? Wo ist mein Regenschirm? Wheres my umbrella? ES + VERB Es regnet. Its raining. Es blitzt. Theres lightning. Es donnert. Its thundering. Es schneit. Its snowing. Es hagelt. Its hailing. ES IST + ADJECTIVE Es ist schn. Its nice. Es ist bewlkt. Its cloudy. Es ist hei. Its hot. Es ist kalt. Its cold. Es ist windig. Its windy. Es ist schwl. Its muggy/humid. So ein Sauwetter! Such lousy weather! MIR + IST Mir ist kalt. I feel cold./Im cold. Ist es dir zu hei? Do you feel too hot?/Are you too hot? A Note About Dative Phrases Although it is OK to say Im hot/cold in English, this is not the case in German. To express that you feel hot or cold in German, use a dative pronoun -   dir (to you) and  mir (to me) in the examples above. In German, you say, to me, it is hot rather than I am hot, which in German would roughly translate as you are in heat. Indeed, if you want to  speak German, youll also have to know your dative prepositions. Many dative prepositions are common terms in German, such as  nach  (after, to),  von  (by, of) and  mit  (with). Its hard to speak without them. Simply put,  dative prepositions  are governed by the  dative  case. That is, they are followed by a noun or take an object in the dative case.

Gattaca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gattaca - Essay Example Supported later in the late 19 th century it became a serious scientific study then failing as a science in WWII when Nazis used eugenics to support the extermination of entire races, arising then severe ethical questions regarding "the survival of the fittest." (eugenics,2007) But because the quest for perfection has always been latent in human beings and organizations, in late June 2000, the press announced that a joined project between the public and private sectors had completed the map of human genome. When the two team leaders for both sectors where interviewed about the future of human engineering and specifically about "Designer babies" by paying customers, they both laughed in unison and responded; "Mostly what people want is offspring who are good looking smart, talented in one way or another and easy to get along with. The day when such complexities could be managed is not just a long way off, it will probably never arrive for a simple reason; Genes are not alone in determ ining such characteristics; the same genes in a different environment will yield a different personality."

Day Care Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Day Care - Research Paper Example A child is far healthier when he is brought up in home rather than day care. Despite so many negatives the best advantage that day care provides a child with is the ability to socialize better and accept diversity. Placing your children in day care gives both the parents a free reign to earn money and hence they can do over times and work longer hours without any hassle. DAY CARE Day care centers are a new breed of facilities that are now available to single parents. They provide child care facility to single parents or parents who work and need someone to care for their child. Since the economic crisis, there has been a dramatic increase in the working parents and thus the requirements for day care centers are on the rise. According to the recent statistics there are around 70 % children who are under the care of Daycares. This has all been due to the increase in the working mothers. Earlier there were many families which had the father and mother both juggling their work hours with the time they spend with the taking care of the child. It was an easy job, but the current economic crisis has made employers more demanding as they are aware that there are many more talented and hardworking candidates who are willing to replace any time. Although many people look for low cost care for their children so as to save unnecessary expenses, but this is declining as such help is not much readily available with the rise of cost of living standards. Also, the need for economical day care centers is high on demand as the number of parents requiring the need for day care is increasing (NICHD, 2005). Earlier the day cares were more of a babysitting service that was available to parents, but since the increase in the working hours of parents which proportionally increases the time the child spends at day care, day cares have become grounds where the early development of child takes place and hence they have gained a lot of importance psychologically in the life of a child. Th e day cares now play a very important and prominent part in the child development. A modern daycare today teaches the child about things and skills that he will require as he grows up. In short, they equip the child to face the world as he steps out to walk to his first school. The main reason because of which the day cares have evolved such is that parents today have started demanding quality care and skill development in their child. The care requirement and need for skill development varies with the age of the child. A child with age two or younger needs special attention with respect to his/her health requirement, the food he will consume and the extent to which he needs exposure to the environment in general. Compared to this an older child needs necessary tools to develop his cognitive, spatial and verbal skills. He will need to learn to communicate with different people and will also learn as to how to socialize (Martin & Fabes & Fabes, 2006). Since the demand for the day car e is so high that there are many day care centers that re running today are unregulated ones and hence they hire anybody and everybody who applies to the vacancies. Many a times it has been observed that the nannies that work in such day cares have a past criminal record and thus it becomes a reason for parents to be very

Position Paper Contrarian's Guide to Leadership Essay

Position Paper Contrarian's Guide to Leadership - Essay Example Traditionally, leaders have been evaluated on the basis of their charisma, attitude, and ability. That is the "boxed-in", prevailing mindset society harbors when quantifying leadership. However, more contemporary views see leadership as the end result of a dynamic interaction between leader and follower, a "collaborative endeavor" between those embroiled in the process (Rost, 1993:12) However we may define leadership, what is infinitely clear is the fact that society has these preconceived notions about what a "good" leader should be. There are some though, who offer a differing perspective on the concept of leadership. In "The Contrarian's Guide To Leadership", Steven Sample argues that leadership is not necessarily measured in black and white. Better known as the current president of the University of Southern California, Sample dissects traditional leadership "values" and professes that leadership is a dynamic, unpredictable entity that is context-dependent and evolving. In line with today's rapidly changing times, leadership can no longer be limited to the predictability and rigidity of the past. Not to detract anything from past leaders of historical lore, but just because one was successful in a different era does not necessarily translate into success in the current one. The dictates of contemporary society need leaders who are flexible, and are not bound by a certain mode of thinking. These are the individuals who will react to situations objectively and creatively, and will use original ideas in asserting their independence en route to solving relevant problems and issues. The aforementioned constitute the hallmarks of the aptly termed "contrarian" perspective of leadership. According to Sample (2002), the contrarian perspective "doesn't mean counter to all conventional wisdom. Indeed, much of it is true. But, you can't become an effective leader by trying to mimic a famous leader of the past. So, you can't develop your full leadership potential, or even fully appreciate the art of leadership by slavishly adhering to conventional wisdom. The key is to break free, if only fleetingly" (p.1) Adopting a contrarian approach ensures that one is looking at things from a fresh and highly adaptable point of view, one that will bode well for the challenges of today. At the forefront of the contrarian framework lies the concept of "thinking gray". Leaders who adopt this maintain their independence by "thinking free" and refusing to think like the people surrounding them. For instance, conventional wisdom dictates that good, efficient leaders make rash, impulsive, and hopefully brilliant decisions. On the other hand, contrarian wisdom offers that leaders should deliberately weigh all sides to an issue, hence arriving at a highly objective, thorough and carefully thought out decision. By nature, people would usually look at things in binary terms - black and white, right or wrong, true or false, et. al. It must be put into consideration though that there will always be "gray" areas somewhere along the point of contention. Nothing can be truly quantified as being absolutely true or absolutely false; there is always something that can be further perused and dissected in order to

Evolution of Mobile Device Technology

Evolution of Mobile Device Technology Introduction Since the revolution of the smartphone in 2005 the development progress in this field grows rapidly. It became a part of our life and played a big role to change the attitude of our life style. This technology (smartphone) didnt stop at that level but it spread everywhere to cover all sides of our daily activities. Even anew terminology appear to name this technology is Internet of Things (IoT) where this concept describe any device connected to the internet. All this technology convert our life to something called smart, so nowadays we have smartphones, smart home, smart car ext. These smart devices facilitate our daily tasks where no need to set on the front of the computer or trying to find an open Wi-Fi because you are expecting an important email you dont know when it will be delivered to your inbox. This technology gave the people almost everything they need which has made people ask for more and it became their partner or even addicted. Day by day people relay more and more on the smart technology and they share all information even sometimes the secrets. This information start attract some people for any reason either to sell this information to third party or to blackmail their victim. This bring a new challenge to everybody in the society and there are a new cases daily because of the smart devices. The device can be a tool to attack the victim data or it found in the crime scene in both scenarios can be consider an evidence. Mobile device technology The mobile devices evolution is linked to the mobile technology where each one effect on the other one. Because the mobile device technology required a specific features. First Generation By looking to the first generation and list its features we can guess what kind of mobile device technology can be used in that period. According to (Agrawal, 2015)] the first generation was analog it was introduced in 1980. The technical specification was not that much where they focused on produce a mobile phone. The main feature of 1G mobile Speed up to 2.4 kbps so it was used for calling only It use analog signals (analog telecommunications standards) Poor voice quality Poor battery life Limited capacity No security Focusing on the last two points because they are related to the research paper. Regarding the security at that time 1G does not support the encryption. The security was limited where some phones (e.g. Mitsubishi MT-7) in 1993 has a pin code only. The memory as well didnt get that much attention, but later on in 1989 Motorola (8900X-2) add a small volume of memory which can store 20 telephone numbers in the address book. This generation is limited in everything even in the forensics user couldnt do bad things with it just verbally. Feature phones and smartphones From second generation the improvement obviously in the mobile device technology. (Qualcumm, 2014) Show the evolution on theses generations used digital signal compare to the first generation. This change took the mobile devices technology ahead with new features the users didnt experience them before in the previous versions of 1G mobile devices. In these generations there are basic features with different specifications. The diagram (DAS, 2015) show the different parts of the mobile phone. As the diagram shows the mobile device component, most mobile devices have a common hardware component (GSM Mobile Phone, n.d.), consist of microprocessor, a radio module, read only memory (ROM), a microphone and speaker, random access memory (RAM), a digital signal processor, a variation of hardware keys and interfaces and display screen. The operating system (OS) of a mobile device may be stored in either NAND or NOR memory while code execution normally happens in RAM. The general changes in the mobile devices is the size (capacity, screen) and the speed as well the quality of the display, but some time do any change in the phone means change the component chips used. This changes can lead to another technology. Overview of the feature phone and smartphone Feature phone Smartphone Processor Limited speed(~52Mhz) More speed(~1GHz dual-core) Memory Limited capacity(~5MB) Large capacity(~128GB) Data transmission Speed 64-144 kbps 300 mbps Display Small size color, 4k -260k (12-bit to 18-bit) Large size color, 16.7 million (~24-bit) Card slot None, MicroSD MicroSDXC Camera Still, Video Still, Panoramic, and Video(HD) Text input Numeric Keypad, QWERTY-style keyboard Touch Screen, Handwriting Recognition, QWERTY-style keyboard Voice input None Voice Recognition (Dialing and Control) Cell interface Voice and Limited Data Voice and High Speed Data transfer (4G and LTE) Positioning None, GPS receive GPS receive Wireless IrDA, Bluetooth Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and NFC Battery Fixed/Removable, Rechargeable Li-Ion Polymer Fixed/Removable, Rechargeable Li-Ion Polymer Feature phone and smartphone has common facility, but the capability is much different. Where both types of phone support SMS (text messaging), voice and personal information management such as phonebook and calendar. Smartphone has a better capabilities and larger then feature phone where it support better screen resolution and have integrated keyboard or touch screen. Smartphones act as a small PC and support wide range of applications. There are many operating system (OS) (Guru, 2015) in the market for the smartphone the top OS popular are Symbian (Nokia), Android (Google), Apple IOS, Blackberry (RIM), Windows (Microsoft) and BADA (Samsung). These operating system support multi-tasking and designed to match the user requirements for a high end mobile device. Feature phones has a closed operating system, so the supported applications, games, personal information management and chat are limited. Memory Mobile devices contain two types of memories. The first type is volatile memory and the second one is none-volatile both of them work side by side. The volatile memory (RAM) is used for code execution. This type of memory is effected by the power, so if the power goes off RAM is lose all contents. The second type is non-volatile memory the contents are not effected when the power goes off. The main technologies for non-volatile flash memories are NOR and NAND. NOR memory first introduced in 1988 by Intel. In 1989 Toshiba introduced the NAND flash technology which has many benefits over NOR memory. NOR came to replace ROM with EPROM and EEPROM. The most advantage of NOR is the reading speed faster than NAND. In the other hand NAND has many features which is not applicable for NOR. These are the general difference between NAND and NOR NOR reads slightly faster than NAND. NAND writes faster than NOR. NAND erases data much faster than NOR. NAND has smaller erase units, so less erases are needed. There are different types of NAND memories but the paper focusing on the EMMC and UFS. EMMC stand for embedded multimedia card this chip is an advanced managed memory. According to (Samsung, 2013) it is widely used in phones, cameras, GPS and smart TV. It helps the designer to save time and make the product thinner. Also it enhanced the storage capacities and speed. One of the advantage of EMMC reduced the development time and control cost. The NAND memories before EMMC required changes either in the chipset or the OS. EMMC is a half-duplex because the interface is parallel so it will be read or write. UFS Mobile devices growth rapidly last few years this bring a challenge to the manufacturer to add memory that (Toshiba, 2015) will have a high bandwidth, high capacity, low power consumption and low cost. These factors were very important to improve the mobile devices. Because adding ordinary extra memory it will increase the cost of all mentioned factors. In 2014 Samsung announce about the new memory which meet the requirements of the four factors of the manufacturer. Universal flash storage (UFS) was built specially for mobile devices which required low power and at same time provide high performance. UFS is a full duplex because it has serial interface read and write done separately. The image below (BHATT, 2014) shows the advantage of UFS over EMMC Challenges according to (Zareen, 2010): The major challenges in mobile forensics are: The changes in the architecture of the new released of mobile devices, where the examiner has to be up to date and do more tests to be sure he can do data extraction. The new mobile devices it has the ability to encrypt the date this can be a big challenge to the examiner. Hardware differences there are different brand and model of mobile devices in the market the examiner has to come across as much as can of brands and model to be familiar about the technology. Lack of resources the rapid growth of mobile devices required new tools and acquisition accessories. Anti-forensic techniques make the investigation more difficult, as an example data hiding, data obfuscation, data forgery, and secure wiping. Passcode recovery the examiner has to work carefully to access the device without damaging the data. Malicious programs can be a challenge to the examiner it may attempt to spread to other devices over the wired interface or a wireless. Safety the examiner life can be on danger, the device can contain different kind of risk on the examiner life. The device may contain a biology or chemical hazards which will impact on the examiner. Data acquire process Capability Logical extraction, file system and physical extraction normally done by software. Even the locked mobile devices and with passkey can be unlocked using software. Not all mobile devices support the same process of data acquisition. Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) support in-system (ISP) programming and reading. It is an advanced hardware level data acquisition in the physical extraction stage. It depend on the Test Access Ports (TAPs) of the device and instructing the processor to transfer the raw data stored on connected memory chips. If the memory support JTAG then the TAP can be addressed of the memory through the JTAG interface. All memory address goes the though the data bus and it can be read by shifting the boundary-scan register value through JTAG chain. In this way the entire memory content can be read by find the memory address. The entire memory can be copied in this way. If the memory doesnt support the JTAG then it can connect to TAP of another device this could be the processor. The processor has direct access to the memory through the system bus. By connecting to CPU TAP the memory can be read. Steps of JTAG according to (Elder, n.d.) Identify TAPs by researching the forums and related websites as well documented devices. If the TAPs cannot be identified then check the device PCB for possible TAPs and trace it manually to find appropriate connector pins. Solder wires to the pinout in the mobile device. Connect the other side of the wires to JTAG emulator (RIFF box, volcano, ATF nitro). Select the memory sitting than read the flash memory. Analyze the data with the forensics tools. Chip-off Chip-off forensics is the next level if the JTAG method not work properly to extract data. This level involve physically remove the flash memory to extract the data from the mobile device then acquiring the raw data using specialized equipment. This way is powerful where it can be used to collect all data from the memory even if the device is damaged jut memory must be in a good condition. The examiner must pay attention to highest temperature can apply the chip to remove before it get damage. According to Samsung the temperature range of EMMC used in mobile devices are -25ÂÂ °C ~ 85ÂÂ °C. Remove the memory (de-soldering) chip using appropriate heat (-25ÂÂ °C ~ 85ÂÂ °C) always the examiner must monitor the temperature to be within the range. Clean the chip carefully to remove the comical suck on the chip memory. Use special chip programmer and adapter to acquire the data from a variety of flash memory (UP-828P Programmer). Analyze the data with the forensics tools. Samsung T479 Gravity 3 feature phone Manual extraction if the device is on and unlocked Isolate from the network Check battery status Check device status Record date and time Browse the device content using keypad or touch screen If the device powered off or locked Isolate from the network Check device status Turn on the device If not start try to charge it If cant be charge stop proceed If the device start but it is locked stop process Challenges Deleted data cant be retrieve because no tools used to extract data in this stage. Error may accrued. Browse the device it can be difficult because broken buttons or touch screen problem. Tools used to record the evidences. Ramseys STE3000FAV Project-A-Phone Logical extraction This stage required special software to extract data from the device. If the device is on and unlocked Isolate form the network (disable Wi-Fi and hotspot, airplane mod) Check the status of the device Document what on the screen and the apps running in the background Enable USB debugging and stay awake Check memory card availability If available copy card Create hash value Reinstall copied memory Connect mobile to PC has software to extract data List of data can be get in logical extraction Phone book Call Logs SMS Calendar MMS ESN/IMEI Pictures Videos Ringtones Audio/Music Memory Card If the device is locked connect to a PC has software to break lock (most of forensic tools) follow steps in 1 Tools used in this stage UFED 4PC, Oxygen and Xry (SIM call not supported) Challenges Cant retrieve deleted data File system If the device is on and unlocked Same procedure as logical extraction List of data can be get in logical extraction Extract user lock Files Decoding File System Reconstruction Bookmarks Calls Contacts Installed Applications MMS Notes SMS Web History Tools used in this stage UFED 4PC, Oxygen and Xry (SIM call not supported) Challenges Physical Extraction This phone doesnt support physical extraction. JTAG This phone support JTAG Samsung I9500 Galaxy S4 motherboard Mobile device Process Samsung T479 Gravity 3 Samsung I9500 Galaxy S4 Manual extraction Yes Yes Logical extraction Yes Yes File system extraction Yes Yes Physical extraction No Yes JTAG Yes Yes Chip-off Yes Internet of thing overview Internet of things (IOT) refer to any physical device which can have an IP address and connected to the internet. According (Fremantle, 2015) the IOT come to facilitate people life and make it easier. It will touch every aspect of our lives, including our houses, work places, transportation and even our bodies. This new technology make humans overcomes the location obstacle between people and the machine enabling them to communicate and interact intelligently. Rapid growth of Information Technology already allowed Internet of Things to start to be as a reality in recent days. If we look around us, we already started to see and touch the smart phones, home automation, smart traffic lights, smart sensor devices at industrial locations, Health services, Radars, Environment Researches, and many other sectors. Definitely, the future of IoT will be full of surprises and new unexpected and unpredictable technologies might be introduced. IoT technology is significantly growing at a critically dangerous pace and Information Technology Researchers predict that by the year 2020, 10th of billions of wireless devices will be connected wirelessly as part of the IoT industry. People will be able to do unimaginable things remotely in an unbelievable time and it is expected that almost anything might be connectable. According to (Lobaccaro, 2016) there are four categories: 1. Integrated wireless technology (IWT); 2. Home energy management system (HEMS); 3. Smart home micro-computers (SHMC); 4. Home automation (SHS/HA). Agrawal, J. (2015). Evolution of Mobile Communication Network: from 1G to 4G. BHATT, B. (2014, 4 13). Universal Flash Storage. Retrieved from Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/BhaumikBhatt4/universal-flash-storage DAS, S. (2015, 8 18). Parts of a Mobile Cell Phone and Their Function. Retrieved from http://www.mobilecellphonerepairing.com/parts-of-a-mobile-cell-phone-and-their-function-big-parts.html Elder, B. (n.d.). Chip-Off and JTAG Analysis. Retrieved from Evidence: http://www.evidencemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=922 Fremantle, P. (2015). A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS. GSM Mobile Phone. (n.d.). Retrieved from RF Wireless World: http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Articles/gsm-mobile-phone-basics.html Guru. (2015, 10 28). Top 10 Mobile Phones Operating Systems. Retrieved from shout me: https://www.shoutmeloud.com/top-mobile-os-overview.html Qualcumm. (2014). The Evolution of Mobile. Samsung. (2013). Samsung Smart Memory. Samsung. Toshiba. (2015). UFS memory. Toshiba. Zareen, A. (2010). Mobile Phone Forensics Challenges. http://forum.gsmhosting.com/vbb/f672/guide-how-find-direct-EMMC-pinout-step-step-pictures-1724774/ https://www.oxygen-forensic.com/download/articles/Oxygen_Forensic_Detective_Getting_started.pdf https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2016/01/forensic-acquisition-android/ http://www.bulleproof.com/Papers/Android%20Forensics%20Techniques.pdf https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2016/01/forensic-acquisition-android/ https://www.hackingloops.com/android-forensics-tutorial-4-unlock-android-pattern-lock/ http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/android-forensic-logical-acquisition/#gref https://www.gillware.com/forensics/blog/digital-forensics-case-study/forensic-case-files-htc-one-chip-off https://digital-forensics.sans.org/media/DFIR-Smartphone-Forensics-Poster.pdf http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_t479_gravity_3-3335.php http://www.riffbox.org/jtag-news/riff-jtag-samsung-gravity-3-sght479-unbrick-dead-boot-repair-supported/

Loss of soldier identity Essay example -- Comparative, Erdrich, OBrie

The Vietnam War was not a â€Å"pretty† war. Soldiers were forced to fight guerilla troops, were in combat during horrible weather, had to live in dangerous jungles, and, worst of all, lost sight of who they were. Many soldiers may have entered with a sense of pride, but returned home desensitized. The protagonist in Louise Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† is testament to this. In the story, the protagonist is a young man full of life prior to the war, and is a mere shell of his former self after the war. The protagonists in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† and Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† are also gravely affected by war. The three characters must undergo traumatic experiences. Only those who fought in the Vietnam War understand what these men, both fictional and in real life, were subjected to. After the war, the protagonists of these stories must learn to deal with a war that was not fought with to wi n, rather to ensure the United States remained politically correct in handling the conflict. This in turn caused much more anguish and turmoil for the soldiers. While these three stories may have fictionalized events, they connect with factual events, even more so with the ramifications of war, whether psychological, morally emotional, or cultural. â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and â€Å"Home Soil,† give readers a glimpse into the life of soldiers once home after the war, and how they never fully return, while â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† is a protest letter before joining the war. All three protagonists must live with the aftermath of the Vietnam War: the loss of their identity. Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† both give a strong interpretation of two distinct reactions. In their powerful words of fiction, th... ...ust deal with similar pains. Through the authors of these stories, we gain a better sense of what soldiers go through and the connection war has on the psyche of these men. While it is true, and known, that the Vietnam War was bloody and many soldiers died in vain, it is often forgotten what occurred to those who returned home. We overlook what became of those men and of the pain they, and their families, were left coping with. Some were left with physical scars, a constant reminder of a horrible time in their lives, while some were left with emotional, and mental, scarring. The universal fact found in all soldiers is the dramatic transformation they all undergo. No longer do any of these men have a chance to create their own identity, or continue with the aspirations they once held as young men. They become, and will forever be, soldiers of the Vietnam War. Loss of soldier identity Essay example -- Comparative, Erdrich, O'Brie The Vietnam War was not a â€Å"pretty† war. Soldiers were forced to fight guerilla troops, were in combat during horrible weather, had to live in dangerous jungles, and, worst of all, lost sight of who they were. Many soldiers may have entered with a sense of pride, but returned home desensitized. The protagonist in Louise Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† is testament to this. In the story, the protagonist is a young man full of life prior to the war, and is a mere shell of his former self after the war. The protagonists in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† and Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† are also gravely affected by war. The three characters must undergo traumatic experiences. Only those who fought in the Vietnam War understand what these men, both fictional and in real life, were subjected to. After the war, the protagonists of these stories must learn to deal with a war that was not fought with to wi n, rather to ensure the United States remained politically correct in handling the conflict. This in turn caused much more anguish and turmoil for the soldiers. While these three stories may have fictionalized events, they connect with factual events, even more so with the ramifications of war, whether psychological, morally emotional, or cultural. â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and â€Å"Home Soil,† give readers a glimpse into the life of soldiers once home after the war, and how they never fully return, while â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† is a protest letter before joining the war. All three protagonists must live with the aftermath of the Vietnam War: the loss of their identity. Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† both give a strong interpretation of two distinct reactions. In their powerful words of fiction, th... ...ust deal with similar pains. Through the authors of these stories, we gain a better sense of what soldiers go through and the connection war has on the psyche of these men. While it is true, and known, that the Vietnam War was bloody and many soldiers died in vain, it is often forgotten what occurred to those who returned home. We overlook what became of those men and of the pain they, and their families, were left coping with. Some were left with physical scars, a constant reminder of a horrible time in their lives, while some were left with emotional, and mental, scarring. The universal fact found in all soldiers is the dramatic transformation they all undergo. No longer do any of these men have a chance to create their own identity, or continue with the aspirations they once held as young men. They become, and will forever be, soldiers of the Vietnam War.

After Effects of the World War 2 on Civilians Essay

September 1, 1939, a day that would change the world forever. With this day, the world entered the nuclear age. It was the start of World War 2. Invasions and massive attacks were everywhere and every country was desperate to introduce itself as a powerful war machine that can take over the world. This war lasted six years, killing more people and destroying more properties than any other war in the history. Few of the probable reasons that caused the nuclear bombs to explode were the hatred between communism and fascism system. This age witnessed the collapse of democracy and the rise of dictatorship in certain countries. All the countries that came out of World War 1 were deep in debt. Their economies went upside down. Amongst these complications, there were millions of problems faced by the ordinary people or the war victims. The people were not sure whether to step out of their houses even after thinking a thousand times. Their extra-ambitious leaders used to vow that their sacrifices will lead them to a brighter tomorrow but every second, they feared, that tomorrow might not come. Storing eatables, water, hiding in basements for weeks and months and so on——– was even worse than survival in hell. Watching others instantly turning into ashes or looking at the torn up bodies of the loved ones would make one feel as if to kill one’s own self. After a terrifying physical war the civilians went through the torturing mental effects. They stood helpless, miserable as if they are bodies with no souls in them. The babies born were deformed. People were the victims of several diseases such as vomiting, fever, aches etc. their houses had been crushed down. People stood at a point, where they had no hope of getting rescued as their governments had forgotten them. They had no clothes, food, shelter or any such thing that could enable their survival. Sitting lost and waiting for death had been their hobby for years and years. These people went through a horrible time that nobody can ever think of and the obstacles they faced cannot be imagined. I personally feel that these nuclear bombs and nuclear technology is the greatest enemy of humanity. Its use is a challenge to mankind. Either we use it for blasts and destruction of our very own mother earth or we use it to produce electricity. In fact, producing electricity through nuclear power stations costs less. It would even not require the burning of oil and gas. The decision is up to us!

Using the Oxford Comma (Or Serial Comma)

Using the Oxford Comma (Or Serial Comma) Using the Serial (or Oxford) Comma The band Vampire Weekend once memorably sang words to the effect of who gives a monkey’s about an Oxford comma? Well, we do, and the person reading and grading your paper will too! What Is the Oxford (or Serial) Comma? Overlooked by many, the Oxford (or serial) comma is a useful tool in writing. It is so-called because it is recommended by the Oxford University Press style guide. We use the Oxford comma primarily to avoid ambiguity in lists. To be specific, an Oxford comma is a comma used before the final and or or in a list of three or more items. We would thus use it like this: The American flag is red, white, and blue. Although a final comma is not strictly necessary here, you should still add it if your colleges style guide specifies using Oxford/serial commas. Why Use the Oxford Comma? To see why the Oxford comma is sometimes necessary for clarity, we can take a look at a list where the final item is potentially ambiguous: The most important things in my life are my friends, God and Michael Jordon. Here, for example, it is unclear whether the speaker is referring to three distinct things or simply identifying God and Michael Jordan as her friends. Adding the serial comma removes this ambiguity by showing that each one is a separate item in the list: The most important things in my life are my friends, God, and Michael Jordon. The Oxford comma is also useful when one item in a list includes and or or already, as it can clarify the divisions. For instance, take the sentence: My favorite activities are basketball, singing and dancing and acrobatics. We know from the repeated and here that either singing and dancing or dancing and acrobatics are meant to be taken together. But the list doesnt make clear which. Adding the Oxford comma solves this: My favorite activities are basketball, singing and dancing, and acrobatics. Be sure to check your style guide, too, as some institutions have specific rules regarding use of the Oxford comma. And if you would like more grammar advice, or someone to look over your writing, get in touch with the professionals at Proofed today!

Giacomo Balla essays

Giacomo Balla essays Giacomo Balla's painting Abstract Speed - The Car Has Passed was originally the right hand side of a triptych work done in 1913. The center was a piece called Line of Force + Noise, and the left hand side was Line of force + Landscape. He uses an analogous color scheme of green and blue to represent the earth and the sky. The pink is supposed to represent exhaust fumes from the passing vehicle. Supposedly, the car is passing at a speed of thirty five miles per hour, which at the time was an incredible fast pace. The work uses a geometric perspective, evident by the road fading into the distance. However, Balla also seems to use an ambiguous perspective because of how the viewer can sense movement in the painting. Actual lines are placed abstractly giving the picture definition, shape, and also adding to the movement of the work. The Car Has Passed is a two dimensional work done with oil paints on a canvas ground and has a symmetrical balance. This piece is on display at the T ate Gallery in London. Giacomo Balla was born on July 18, 1871, in Turin, Italy, son of a chemist and an amateur photographer. He is considered a futurist painter, sculptor, and designer. In 1891, he studied for two months at the Academia Albertina di Bella Arte and the Liceo Artistico in Turin. He also studied at the University of Turin until 1892 After 1895, Balla spent most of his life in Rome working as an illustrator, caricaturist, and portrait painter. Most of his earlier pieces were portraits, landscapes, and caricatures that were influenced by Italian Divisionists. On a trip to Paris in 1900 to visit the Exposition Universelle, Balla became very interested in aspects of modern industrial life. He stayed in Paris for seven months being an assistant to illustrator Serafino Macchiati. Balla was introduced to futurism at this time. Futurism was an expansion of cubism concepts that explored metamorphosis and simultaneity of vision. He...

A Critical appraisal of the Torrey Canyon oil spill and the Coursework

A Critical appraisal of the Torrey Canyon oil spill and the Remediative Response - Coursework Example dies show that many experts have been wrong to focus on dispersants as the main source of toxins involved in oil spill events, because oil itself has toxic effects that can outweigh the dangers of low-level dispersant use (Boyd et al 2001). Oil’s bioavailability to marine life is possible through four main pathways: 1) direct contact with the oil, such when birds dive through oil to catch fish 2) ingestion through eating prey covered with oil or that has recently eaten oil-contaminated food, or through preening their oil covered feathers 3) breathing in fumes or oil particulates suspended in the air, and 4) absorption, whereby toxins leach into the skin of sea creatures or the membranes of plants. Of particular concern is PAH, a highly toxic compound found in almost all oils that has a known association with cancers in both wildlife and humans. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are formed when organic compounds are not completely burned off during combustion (Srogi 1997). PAH contamination of the environment occurs through many of our everyday activities both at the personal and industrial levels, such as motor vehicle emissions, asphalt and aluminum production, oil refining, waste burning, and the combustion of fuels in ships and aircraft (Srogi 1997). When in gaseous form, PAHs enter the water system through precipitation and other atmospheric conditions. Oil leaks and municipal and industrial waste and are other sources of aquatic contamination (Srogi 1997). PAH is toxic in both fresh oil and in â€Å"weathered† or decomposed oil that has been exposed to natural atmospheric conditions over time (Neff et al 2011). Researchers have found that oil continues to leach from sedimentation under the water’s surface years after a spill. French, Banta and Swiss... This paper stresses that experience and research are leading the science community and environmentalists in new directions in terms of oil spill responses. Microbial degradation of oil droplets is one area of research that may lead to more environmentally friendly cleanup procedures. Researchers are aware that all natural environments contain bacteria that degrade bacteria. Microbes adapt to their environment; areas with regular spills due to ship traffic have local led developed microbe populations that live off the oils. Many types of these oil-eating microbes work together to break down the diverse compounds found in crude oils and other spilled substances. Researchers have attempted to genetically engineer microbes to enhance their hydrocarbon-eating capacity in future oil spills. This report makes a conclusion that while the U.S. maintains open-mindedness about the use of chemical dispersants, most of the world, rejects non-chemical oil removal in favor of mechanical methods. It is worth noting that the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited, which produces an annual report on accidental oil spills finds that over the past four decades there has been a decrease in the number of large oil spills. Unfortunately, we seem to have far to go in figuring out how to prevent them altogether, however, when we use experience and science to handle spill events more intelligently, we may begin to see less disastrous consequences from our response to spills in the future.

Looking exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Looking exercise - Essay Example In gatherings where the people went out to make merry, people would always remember him and wish that he was there as he was a perfect host for such events. In his conversations with the visitors that came to see him in his deathbed, he seems to be a man who has resigned to his fate. He also seems to expect that the worst would eventually come to him for the wrong that he had done. However, the people around him including his parents do not have an idea as to why he is ailing as the doctors cannot seem to find out what he is suffering from. To a large extent, kashiwagi was a leader who was hailed for all the good that he had done. Even his brothers regarded him as more of a father than a brother. His mother on the other hand is very fixated with her son to the point that she feels she would not have anything more to live for once he is gone. His wife, although aggrieved by the betrayal she suffered under him is at first reluctant to communicate with him but later softens her stand and writes him back. The saga that has led to the rift between Kashiwagi and his wife is only known by a small number of people. The rest of the society thinks that Kashiwagi was bewitched by a woman that he had been involved with but none can attest to that. Here, the gods seemed resigned to punishing Kashiwagi for the wrongs that he had committed and the price he paid was his life. By sleeping with another man’s wife, his sister in law, did he deserve death? Was this betrayal deserving of death? Certainly, it seems that Kashiwagi bore the blunt for his actions. His partner by whom he sires a son suffers a brief bout but nothing too serious to cost her life. Only she and her husband seem to be aware that the child was Kashiwagi’s. Her husband even prayed that the baby born be a girl instead of a boy so that the resemblance to Kashiwagi is masked. The hypothesis here is that mistakes done out of vanity

Managing information centre in health sector Essay

Managing information centre in health sector - Essay Example The comparison of information management in the health sector as compared to any other organization leads us to notice that apart from the very ‘importance’ of information management and the urgent ‘need’ of it in the health sector it works pretty much in the same way. The health sector competes within itself with various institutions just like any other organizations, the aim is to increase the efficiency or to increase the value of the work done at a lesser cost, and most of it is a duplicate of what other organizations employ. But what is different is the mass sharing of information in a productive manner in order to improve social health overall and speed up the diagnosis to treatment ratio. While other organizations mostly share a major part of their information within itself out of competition, the health sector doesn’t. All of its focus is on the treatment of the patients and of course, the revenue generated regardless of which medical organiza tions do not hold back crucial information. What currently the information management centers are focusing upon is termed as a paradigm shift which may be elaborated by saying that the main effort is upon providing better quality at a relatively lower cost. A specialist in this particular area, Joel Barker (1992) states about paradigm that it is: A set of rules and regulations (written or unwritten) that does two things; (1) it establishes and defines boundaries; and (2) it tells you how to behave inside the boundaries in order to be successful.

Department of Justice Essay Example for Free

Department of Justice Essay There seems to be major issue in the case of United States v. Viktor Kozenzy. The specific legal question is whether Viktor Kozenzy, Frederic Bourke, Jr, and David Pinkerton had conspiracy to violate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Travel Act. There are many facts that support this claim. Viktor Kozenzy, Federic Bourke Jr. and David Pinkerton paid and also caused to be paid bribes to Azeri Officials. They all became shareholders of Oily Rock. Oily Rock invested in Azeri privatization vouchers. They also became part of Minaret as well. Mineret was a party to the co-investment agreement between Oily Rock and the co-investors. There seems to be lots of more facts in this case. The defendants made many corrupt payments, promises, and offers to Senior officials of the Government of Azerbaijan. They all seemed to have conspiracy to bribe and there are evidence of wire transfers and direct cash payments. They also promised two-thirds of the profits of Oily-Rock and receive two-thirds of Oily Rock vouchers. There are was also much jewelry exchanged in excess of $600,000 to Azeri officials. The source of my facts came from Justice.gov, it is the official United States Department of Justice’s website. It is very credible and accurate. There seems to be relevant laws and regulations such as Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Travel Act. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act made it unlawful to bribe officials. It was passed in 1977. I believe that the court reached the decision by the substantial evidence. There were documented evidence that shows the money laundering, stock options, and wire transfer to foreign officials. I think that the court was correct that the defendant did indeed conspire to violate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Travel Act. This situation could be easily avoided if the government officials had personal watching over them or checking the bank accounts. Many of the officials should be watched closely after and monitored. Works Cited The United States Deparment of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/cases/kozenyv.html

The Triumph Of The Great Wall Of China Essay -- essays research papers

The Great Wall of China has been called a wonder by many who have seen it. It brings pride to the Chinese nation, and is known for being the only man made structure visible from space. The magnitude of The Great Wall is an architectural achievement as well as an example of the will power of man. Many find it hard to believe that such an amazing sight could have a history so filled with death, slavery and sadness as The Great Wall does. The Great Wall of China is one of the world's most famous architectural triumphs and has helped China throughout its history, even though its creation is marked by tragedy. There is a large dispute over how long The Great Wall of China really is. Estimates are given anywhere between 1,500 miles and 13,250 miles1. This is because many people disagree to what The Great Wall is. Many historians argue that The Great Wall is only the wall built by Qin Shin Huangdi. Others believe that The Great Wall includes all of the walls built in China including the wall started by Qin Shin Huangdi. If The Great Wall of China is all of the defensive walls built since 214 BC2, then it is impossible to talk about it as one entity. There are hundreds of separate pieces of the wall, because there was never one full encompassing Great Wall built. When Qin Shin Huangdi began to build The Great Wall for China, he had no idea the amount of manpower and supplies he would need to even come close to completing his dream. Many sources disagree as to when The Great Wall of China first began. The dates of the original construction vary from 656 BC3 to 214 BC4. This discrepancy is caused by the arguments whether the bordering walls built by the early feudal states are actually part of The Great Wall of China we know today. Th... ...this work?20 was written about the wall. Its magnitude alone inspires many people. ?Nothing stops it, nothing gets in its way, seeing it at this point, one might believe it to be eternal.?21 Despite all the tragedy that surrounds The Great Wall of China, it continues to be considered a triumph for China. The Great Wall supplied protection for the developing empire. It also allowed for the development of Chinese trade with other countries. It has helped China?s economy from the days of the Silk Road through the present as it supplies tourism for China. It revolutionized not only military communication of the time but also wall building techniques. It stands as a symbol of strength and endurance for China. The Great Wall is a tribute to all of the Chinese who worked on it. The Great Wall of China shows the magnitude of what mankind can achieve in the face of tragedy.

What changes are planned for Portobello road in the near future?

After investigating how Portobello road was like 10 years ago, how it is like today and why these changes have occurred, there is a noticeable land use pattern that is changing as technology develops and more improvements are proposed by the council. One of the main goals for the government is to bring down the unemployment rates to below the average in inner London (see figure on page ) in order to achieve the goal, the council are going to offer a grant up to a maximum of i300 to each person aged 25 and over, this will enable them to purchase any items which are required in their job descriptions such as tools or clothes for interviews. The royal borough are also planning to organise a youth training centre which delivers NVQ levels 1 and 2, literacy, numeracy and key skills qualifications, and are hoping to offer skills training to 16- 18 year olds, many of whom have no educational qualifications. Although these solutions may tackle the problem of unemployment, it is not guaranteed that everyone will use the grant given, to purchase work items, and as a result a lot of money will be wasted. The council also want to offer the royal borough a better quality of life, by making the area cleaner, safer, healthier and more attractive as a place in which to live and work. One of the ways in which to do this would be to for the council to keep its own detrimental impacts on the environment to the lowest practical levels. The environmental services department are also aiming to improve street cleansing and improve trade waste collection services. It aims to get 60% of businesses involved in recycling by 2003. It is also piloting a cycle delivery scheme in Portobello road. All these improvements will improve the quality of life for residents and will also increase tourism, which will be financially, a benefit to the trade on Portobello road. Above were the general improvements being proposed for the whole borough, but is more useful to study the improvements being proposed for the 3 main sections of Portobello road. Proposed improvements for the Northern section of Portobello road (Goldbourne ward) One of the proposals for this area is to make this part of the road a one way southbound in order to avoid congestion, heavy traffic, noise pollution and gas emissions, and so reducing the number of accidents, and therefore increasing the safety for pedestrians. Hopefully this proposal will attract more visitors and there will be more trade. The council also intend on improving the maintenance of shops, so they look more attractive and visible, and therefore gain more passing trade (mostly from tourism). However this approach may prove to be a disadvantage, as the increase in tourism would result in conflict between local residents and tourists and so resulting to high crime rate. The third proposal that will be put forward by the council, concerning this part of the road is to improve street lighting and ensure that brighter lighting will reduce the number of car accidents and bring crime rates to a minimum. Finally, improving direction signs and providing simple market maps near tube stations and shops, should encourage more tourists, and allow them to feel more comfortable finding their way around the area. Proposed improvements for the Central section of Portobello road (Colville ward) The central section of Portobello road is also in need for improvement, and therefore a number of proposals have been made, taking into account that this part of the road is dominated by the fruit market and so remains active all week. The first proposal being made to the central section is the removal of on street parking, because the continual presence of traders' vans prevent easy access to the shops on the Westside of the street and also provide an additional cover for an on street crime. Also on weekdays pedestrian flows are higher in this section then anywhere else on the road, (as shown in the flow chart fig. 2. 11) so the removal of on street parking on these days at least would provide a more relaxed and attractive shopping environment, which would turnover the general appearance of the area for the better. Another proposal being suggested is to revise a one-way system to reduce traffic, and so avoiding accidents and providing a safe environment for the visitors and pedestrians. In order to encourage more midweek trading the council have also proposed for large eight feet by nine fit pitches to trade upon. The council have also made a proposition to start a customer complaint system, as in the black cab trade, this should hopefully allow the customers to come forward about any queries involving the market trade, i. . reporting tatty shop fronts, to generally improve the appearance of the area, etc. The main problems caused in this section are linked to the arrival of major chain stores such as Tesco and Woolworth's, which are inevitably continuing to raise standards in their search for more market share, and therefore continuing to grow in number, both in terms of floor space and profits. However any expansion of these major stores must be at the expense of retailers elsewhere, such as small family businesses. One of the reasons why chain stores are successful is because their range of goods are continually expanding, quality control standards are high and customers are allowed to select items of their own choice under a spacious, convenient and comfortable environment. In order to match up to these standards, small businesses will be encouraged to improve the range of goods on offer, provide a high standard of display, increase shopper comfort, introduce a customer complaint system and reduce the level of rubbish on the street. The council will also provide a larger pitch for local stores to trade upon. Proposed Improvements for the Antique section of Portobello road (Pembridge ward) This section of Portobello road remains active all weekend, and benefits largely from tourism. Therefore the propositions being put forward by the council have been modelled so that they would not result in a significant reduction in the retail function of this area. The 1st proposal being put forward concerns the issue of on street parking which is usually illegal, this need to be removed in order to relieve pedestrian congestion on Saturdays and give Saturday antique traders the chance to unload and load directly from Portobello road, this should hopefully reduce conflict between drivers and pedestrians, however this would result in parking difficulties for most residents as their spaces would get occupied by the large number of customers who wish to park their cars. Restrictions to vehicle access to residents between 10-2pm needs to be enforced in order to remove any possibility of vehicle -pedestrian conflict on Saturday to provide visitors with a spacious, relaxed, car free environment. The council have also proposed to have better pedestrian crossing facilities at Portobello road and west borne grove junction, in order to increase the safety of visitors and other pedestrians. Widening the pavements across the road would provide visitors with a single large through fare with attractive displays of goods on both sides. The council have proposed improvements to street lighting in all three sections of the road, in order to keep crime rates at a minimum and increase the levels of safety. Direction signs and street maps are also up for improvement in order to make them clearer and allow customers to move around freely and so to encourage trade. Promotion and advertisement on all parts of the road have been encouraged, in order to publicise the road and gain more passing trade.